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The advice given on this site is based upon individual or quoted experience, yours may differ.
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I have read so much about how evil cavitation is, but what bout the opposite - When motoring with a following sea, what about waves swamping the engine? this past week we had the engine underwater more than twice. It never stopped running (miracle!) but if it had we'd have been in trouble.
Is there anything that can be done to prevent the problem, or is there somethign we should be doing differently?
It's certainly possible to swamp an engine. There are a couple of things to consider in mounting: When topping a wave the screw may come out of the water and this can cause damage to the engine, therefore the motor must be mounted so the screw is as deep in the water as possible; Also, the engine can be stalled if pooped by a following wave, so it must be mounted high enough to prevent this. The best that can be hoped for is a reasonable compromise between the lowest and highest mounting possitions. If your engine does not have a very long shaft, you might seriously consider getting one. Outboard engines are generally only used for manoeuvering in marinas, or when there is no wind and you have to get somewhere, or for emergencies. The last reason is the one you should be concerned with. If you have large waves, limited ability to manoeuver and lee shore, that is when you're going to wish you had that long-shaft.
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I'm probably not telling you anything you did not already know but if you run at about 45 degrees to the swells you will limit their ability to swamp your engine. I have a long shaft motor (not an extra long shaft) and suffered through this quite a bit the first couple of years. It hasn't been as much a problem lately because I either motor so the waves aren't directly astern or cut the motor and sail. Last time it happened a powerboater caught me with a huge wake as I entered the harbor, spun me around like a top on my keel and doused the engine. If you have passengers with you make sure they are not all sitting in the cockpit. If you move some of that weight forward, sometimes it helps.
Even if you don't have an XL shaft, the XL only gives you another 5", part of which you'd probably use to get the prop deeper... so your powerhead won't be a lot higher. Similarly, you could lift the bracket to the notch above the lowest (if that will still keep the prop wet), but I suspect that won't keep a wave from dunking the engine.
I'd say your best strategy is to avoid going dead-down-sea in big chop. Staying some 30 degrees off (zig-zagging if necessary) will help the waves to lift the stern rather than crashing in on it.
A brief dunking is usually not a problem, but if it is submerged long enough for water to flood under the cowling and down the intake, your engine stops and is probably going to be toast. Newer engines have rev limiters, so the issue becomes cooling water when the prop is out of the water. Again, a brief rise probably won't hurt. Older two strokes don't breath well at higher rpms, so they can tolerate some brief over-revving. It is best to keep a hand on the throttle to limit wear and tear and possible damage. My extra long shafts (old and new) have both been out of the water in 3-4 footers. Watch your throttle and speed - as you approach hull speed, the stern squats in the water as you increase throttle and puts your engine deeper. In really difficult conditions you should only go fast enough to maintain control.
Notice: The advice given on this site is based upon individual or quoted experience, yours may differ. The Officers, Staff and members of this site only provide information based upon the concept that anyone utilizing this information does so at their own risk and holds harmless all contributors to this site.